抽象与具体
由 familyboat
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本文中所论述的翻译方法来自于由外语教学与研究出版社出版的《新编大学英语》第二版第二卷中记载的内容(134–135 页)。以下内容仅用作教育、研究、个人用途,不可用于商业用途,侵权必究。
英语中有些词语表示的是抽象的概念,在翻译时需要把抽象的词转换为具体的词汇,以使译文流畅、通顺。而在某些语境中,有些表示具体概念的词汇需要译成抽象词汇。这就是抽象与具体的互相转换。例如:
抽象转换为具体
- 抽象名词具体化
-
Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business.
商店、公司和广告商都利用心理因素来增加营业额。 -
The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking.
机场当局决定延长乘客下飞机后的步行距离,这样,走到行李提取处需要 6 分钟,而不再是快速行走 1 分钟就能到达。 -
We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay.
我们还必须相信人们正在采取一切措施来减少耽误的时间。 -
In the Middle East and North Africa, U.S. tobacco exports increased by more than 27 percent in 1974.
在中东和北非,美国烟草的出口量在 1974 年增加了 27% 以上。
- 其他词类具体化
-
Helen applied herself to the key, moving it every possible way, and the door suddenly yielded to her hand.
海伦拨弄着钥匙,朝各个方向拧了一阵之后,门忽然开了。 -
Following a glowing and lengthy introduction by the headmaster, Sir Winston stood up—all five feet, five inches and 235 pounds of him!
在校长热情洋溢的长片介绍以后,温斯顿爵士站了起来⸺身高总共 5 英尺 5 英寸,体重却有 235 磅!
具体转换为抽象
在英语中有些带有具体意义或形象的表达方式,在不便于直译时,需要进行抽象化处理。例如:
-
She allowed the mother to be overruled by the judge and declared her own son guilty.
法官的职责战胜了母子私情,这使她宣判她的亲生儿子有罪。 -
He felt the patriot rise within him.
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。 -
His success in this field has pushed his forerunners' point into the background.
他在这方面的成就使其前辈们的论点黯然失色。
许可
This work © 2024-12-28 by familyboat is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International